Chapter 13: Rituals

Rituals are ceremonies or repetitive practices that help unite people. Marriage is considered a ritual because it unites two families. It is practiced by many people such as kneeling and praying, going to church, and following traditions at funerals and such other important events.

Chapter 13: Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy refers to something that is predicted falsely and just happens by chance when it becomes true. I could say I predict to be the next great cake boss. That will not happen unless it is by some crazy chance. It's not something that usually happens so it would be "luck" in a way if I could falsely predict that.

Chapter 13: Mainstreaming

Mainstreaming is including all students including students with disabilities in regular school activities. Wheelchairs and interpreters are a couple of examples of accommodations. Students with emotional and behavioral problems are hard to accommodate because of their disruptive behavior. Test scores in classes with a mixture actually have lower scores on tests because of the disruptions. 

Chapter 13: Credential Societies

Credential societies are led by sorting devices such as degrees or diplomas for choosing the right people for jobs/careers. This helps weed out the multiple applications they receive and determines eligibility. Earning your degree shows the effort put towards it and your special skills. It also shows that you are responsible enough to complete a harder task. 

Chapter 10: Sexual Harassment

Sexual harassment is unwanted sexual attention at work or school. It is possible for it to affect your job or school work and may create an uncomfortable hostile environment. When feminism arose, this became more of a defined problem rather than just an obnoxious man. This does not include attraction, rather men using their positions of authority to pressure women for sex. 

Chapter 10: Patriarchy

Patriarchy means that men dominate society. It is centered on reproduction because throughout history women cared for children. Infants needed nursing mothers and without one the child would die. Women had to move slower and stay closer to camp for their children. This allowed men to do the hunting and stay away from camp longer and so became an assumed task of women to take care of children. This is where men became dominant. Women did most of routine things where men could go out and accomplish various things. 

Chapter 10: Feminism

Feminism is a view that biology is not a destiny and stratification is wrong. Feminists would believe that military men and women are equal and that physical strength does not apply because that could be equal as well. They would agree that certain jobs/positions should be equally obtainable and fulfilled by either gender. Feminists also disagree with males having issues with losing and women being okay with their status. 

Chapter 10: Gender

Gender is what a group associates to be proper with males and females. Gender consists of learned behaviors and attitudes that a society deems appropriate. I picked this picture of a couple of friends because it would be strange picturing males doing this. Making kiss faces in our society as a male may be associated with being gay or it would be funny generally. Gender varies around the world.

Chapter 9: Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism or pluralism encourages ethnic and racial variation. Minority groups can have their own identities and beliefs but can freely do what they please in a country's social institutions. Multiculturalism has been very successful in places such as Switzerland to where none of the groups could be called minorities. These groups live peacefully in unity.

Chapter 9: Discrimination

Discrimination is an unfair action towards someone. This can be based on sex, age, gender, weight, skin color, among many more. There is individual discrimination which is just from one person to another. There is also institutional discrimination corresponding with discrimination in society. When discrimination becomes about race, it is known as racism. Discrimination also ties into prejudice easily. Prejudice is a judging of someone in a negative way.

Chapter 9: Assimilation

Assimilation refers to a minority group being absorbed into a mainstream culture. A good example of this is in our education systems. In our culture it is important to attend college, and other cultures that have joined the country may assimilate into this. Here it is a permissible assimilation, meaning it allows the new culture to be adopted at their own speed and in their own ways. 

Chapter 9: Compartmentalize

To compartmentalize is to use labels in making it easier to treat someone bad and seem less human. I say this term applies to animals. If someone were to say they had to hit an animal for misbehaving it sounds way better than saying you had to hit a baby for misbehaving. This is how I would compare the term to it's usage with people of different races. This kind of labeling makes certain groups seem inferior or inhuman so it is easier to treat them poorly.